Effects of an invasive herbivore at the single plant scale do not extend to population-scale seedling dynamics
نویسندگان
چکیده
A complex of nine invasive weevils has established in the northern hardwood forests of the Great Lakes Region. These weevils have become the numerically dominant arthropod fauna in the lower vegetation strata of this ecosystem. Effects of these folivorous adults and rhizophagous larvae on seedling survival and density are unknown. We measured the impact of adult weevil defoliation on individual sugarmaple (Acer saccharumMarshall) seedlings, the numerically dominant flora in these stands. Over 14 500 seedlings were measured to examine the effects of larval abundance, adult abundance, and adult defoliation on seedling dynamics during 2005–2009. Heavy defoliation led to individual sugar maple seedling mortality. However, at the stand level there was no measureable net effect of invasive weevils against the high natural background rates of seedling mortality. Seedling growth and biomass were reduced by high adult or larval populations, which were associated with heavy leaf and root herbivory, but not by moderate adult or larval populations. We conclude that high levels of redundancy and compensatory processes in this environment allow sugar maple seedling populations to tolerate high levels of weevil damage, although additional stresses could reduce this resilience. Résumé : Un complexe de neuf charançons invasifs s’est établi dans les forêts de feuillus nordiques de la région des Grands lacs. D’un point de vue numérique, ces charançons sont devenus la faune dominante d’arthropodes dans les strates inférieures de végétation de cet écosystème. Les effets de ces adultes folivores et de ces larves rhizophages sur la survie et la densité des semis sont inconnus. Nous avonsmesuré l’impact de la défoliation causée par les charançons adultes sur des semis individuels d’érable à sucre (Acer saccharumMarshall), la flore numériquement dominante dans ces peuplements. Plus de 14 500 semis ont étémesurés pour étudier les effets de l’abondance des larves, de l’abondance des adultes et de la défoliation causée par les adultes sur la dynamique des semis durant la période 2005–2009. Une défoliation sévère a entraîné la mort de certains semis d’érable à sucre. Cependant, à l’échelle du peuplement il n’y avait pas d’effet net mesurable des charançons invasifs considérant le taux naturellement élevé de mortalité des semis. La croissance et la biomasse des semis étaient réduites par de fortes populations d’adultes ou de larves associées au broutage sévère des feuilles et des racines, mais ce n’était pas le cas lorsque les populations d’adultes ou de larves étaient modérées. Nous concluons que la présence de nombreux processus redondants et compensatoires dans cet environnement permet aux populations de semis d’érable à sucre de tolérer des dommages importants causés par les charançons mais des stress additionnels pourraient réduire cette résilience. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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